An-Nahar calls it Israel's 'aggression since 2 March'; Al-Monitor says Hezbollah 'dragged Lebanon' into the war
Israeli strikes and shelling hit south Lebanon again on Friday. Two reports each give a different start to the war, and neither says who told them.
The day. An-Nahar reports Israeli air strikes on Zawtar al-Sharqiya, Bani Hayyan and the valley between Froun and Ghandouriyeh. It reports shelling and blasts in Deir Siryan and Taybeh. It also says Israeli troops set fire to homes in Khiam, and gives no source for that. An-Nahar reports that the Israeli army fired an interceptor at a "suspicious aerial target" in the south.
The school. Al-Monitor reports that eight-year-old Yara Ajami started the school year in Burj Qalaway in a classroom with no doors or windows. Israel struck her school in May.
Who started it. Two reports give two different starts. Each states its own as fact:
| Outlet | When the war began | Attributed? |
|---|---|---|
| An-Nahar | Israel's "aggression on Lebanon" since 2 March | No |
| Al-Monitor | Hezbollah "dragged Lebanon" in by attacking Israel | No |
| Al-Modon | Does not say. Its headline quotes President Aoun: Israel is "not an exception to the rules of war" | Quoted |
The toll. Only An-Nahar gives one: at least 4,386 killed and 12,407 wounded since 2 March, according to the Lebanese authorities. It does not say how many of the dead were fighters. We hold no Israeli count.
Not settled. - Who fired first in March. No report we hold shows it. - How far into Lebanon Israel's forces are. An-Nahar says more than 10 km and gives no source. - What Israel says it was aiming at. No report we hold gives it.
What this is about. Israel and Hezbollah, an armed Lebanese movement, are at war again. Most of the fighting is in south Lebanon.
How it got here. Israel occupied a strip of south Lebanon from 1982 until it withdrew in 2000. Hezbollah formed in the 1980s to fight that occupation. It is a Shia party with seats in Lebanon's parliament, it has an armed wing, and Iran backs it. Israel and Hezbollah fought a war in 2006. It ended with UN Security Council Resolution 1701. That resolution says no armed group except the Lebanese state should be south of the Litani river. It also gives a UN force, UNIFIL, a role in the area.
Hamas led an attack on Israel on 7 October 2023, and war in Gaza followed. Hezbollah then began firing on northern Israel, and Israel struck back. The fighting grew into a wider war in autumn 2024. A ceasefire in November 2024 ended it, but Israeli forces stayed at positions inside Lebanon.
The fighting started again this year. An-Nahar dates it from 2 March. The outlets we hold disagree about who started it, and we cannot settle that.
The actors. - Israel is carrying out the strikes and shelling in the south. We hold no Israeli statement on what they are aimed at. - Hezbollah is part of Lebanon's politics and is also the force fighting Israel. We hold no statement from it on this. - The Lebanese state has its own army. President Joseph Aoun has led it since January 2025. Al-Modon reports he called Lebanese trust in the army its "most important weapon".
What is at stake. Whether Israel's forces stay in the south. Whether more than a million displaced people can go home. That is An-Nahar's figure. And whether Lebanon's army, rather than Hezbollah, ends up holding the south.
Where it stands. Strikes and shelling continued on Friday. In the south, schools are reopening in damaged buildings.
What is being argued about
- Who started the war: Israel's campaign from 2 March, or Hezbollah's attack
- A child back at a school in Burj Qalaway that an Israeli strike destroyed
- The Lebanese authorities' toll of at least 4,386 killed
- President Aoun says Israel is bound by the rules of war
Claims and verdicts
Al-Monitor
Al-Monitor
🇺🇸US/ME ·
digital · independent
South Lebanon children return to school destroyed by Israel strike
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What we have measured
Actor from anonymous officials Puts the IRGC at the trigger in a sentence sourc ×1Actor named Names the Director-General as the one who requested the dismissal ×1Actor named names Trump as the one who began the war, with Israel ×1Actor named names Israel as the actor in its military actions against the Palestinians ×1
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Who wrote it
Coverage, outlet by outlet
Al-Monitor
Al-Monitor
🇺🇸US/ME ·
digital · independent
South Lebanon children return to school destroyed by Israel strike
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Read it at Al-Monitor →
What we have measured
Actor from anonymous officials Puts the IRGC at the trigger in a sentence sourc ×1Actor named Names the Director-General as the one who requested the dismissal ×1Actor named names Trump as the one who began the war, with Israel ×1Actor named names Israel as the actor in its military actions against the Palestinians ×1
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— independent
عون: الثقة أهم سلاح... وإسرائيل ليست استثناءً من قواعد الحرب
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What we have measured
Actor left unnamed a man is killed by an air strike in the headline with nobody named as striking; shelling and demolitions simply "continue" ×1Actor named The Israeli army is named as the shooter. ×1Actor named, action nominalised Israeli escalation is named but arrives as a wave, not as a doer ×1Affected people The only report that looks at people in the south: the explosions, the fear and the displacement. ×1
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—
Haaretz
Haaretz
🇮🇱IL ·
newspaper · independent
What we have measured
A previous framing corrected the twelve-country statement described as ambiguously worded ×1Asserted flat The report states as fact that barring Arab parties is a standing ritual. ×1Asserted flat The report says ethnicity explains the different outcomes, in its own voice. ×1Asserted in the report's own voice Parties are characterised by what they are said to promise, unattributed, and the headline calls the result frightening. ×1
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Palestine TV · Palestinian Broadcasting Corporation
Palestine TV · Palestinian Broadcasting Corporation
🇵🇸PS ·
TV/radio · state-controlled
What we have measured
Asserted versus attributed recognition itself stated as fact ×1Attribution 'historic' attributed to the Palestinian ambassador ×1Dead counted, not named two dead are counted as 'citizens' and none are named; the wounded are not counted ×1Dead named Gives the dead man's full name and age. ×1
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Ynet
Ynet
🇮🇱IL ·
digital · independent
What we have measured
A claim in the headline that the other reports very close to deciding the regime appears in one report only ×1Active voice The killers are the subject of the verbs 'beat' and 'burned'. ×1Active voice The killers are named as acting ×1Army's term, attributed the army names the target of its strikes, and no one on the other side is quoted ×1
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North Press Agency
North Press Agency
🇸🇾SY ·
wire · independent
What we have measured
Attribution the damage list is carried in full, attributed to the side claiming it ×1Single official source Uses the Saudi Press Agency's account: 'bilateral relations', with no mention of reconstruction or money. ×1What is at stake presents the stakes as trade and energy security; no ship, crew or price is counted ×1Which line is led with led by the legal instrument, naming the Security Council resolution by number ×1
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Shargh
Shargh
🇮🇷IR ·
newspaper · independent
What we have measured
A count with its base both days given, and the data called preliminary ×1Actor named as a state the attack is Yemen's, not the Houthis' ×1A different actor does the asking Pakistan's army chief, not Beijing, is the one asking Tehran to use its influence, on the word of unnamed Pakistani government sources. ×1'aggression' in the narration The US campaign is called aggression in the report's own narration, which it credits to Al-Ahram's account of the call. ×1
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Tehran Times
Tehran Times
🇮🇷IR ·
newspaper · state-controlled
What we have measured
Asserted vs attributed headline states the seizure flat; the body attributes it to the claimant ×1Attribution the toll is attributed to a body that is described but not named ×1Headline against body headline states the seizure flat; the body attributes it to the IRGC ×1How the objectors are framed opposition is described as protesters speaking for civilians ×1
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Al Jazeera English
Al Jazeera English
🇶🇦QA ·
TV/radio · state-funded international
What we have measured
Accusation attributed Cuba's charge is attributed to its foreign minister, not stated as fact ×1Actor named The headline names Israel as the actor and gives a count of three that includes a child. ×1Agency No actor is named for the detentions. The raids, not the soldiers, 'left' the town in lockdown ×1Agency Names Israel as the actor in the headline, in active voice ×1
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The Times of Israel
The Times of Israel
🇮🇱IL ·
digital · independent
What we have measured
Actorless in own voice The killing is passive with no shooter in the se ×1Headline carries the purpose The livestock and the army's reason are in the h ×1Headline frame The headline carries the military's word for the ×1Military words carried whole Both the label for the dead and the phrase for t ×1
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A
Al-Sabaah
Ma'an News Agency
Ma'an News Agency
🇵🇸PS ·
digital · independent
What we have measured
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Al-Mada
Al-Mada
🇮🇶IQ ·
newspaper · independent
What we have measured
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WAFA · Palestinian News & Information Agency
WAFA · Palestinian News & Information Agency
🇵🇸PS ·
state agency · state-controlled
What we have measured
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Al-Manar
Al-Manar
🇱🇧LB ·
TV/radio · independent
What we have measured
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Middle East Eye
Middle East Eye
🇬🇧UK ·
digital · independent
What we have measured
How hard the claim is stated Its own body says the investigators did not attribute the network to the Emirati state — the qualification its headline drops. ×1How hard the claim is stated The body withdraws in one line the attribution its own headline makes ×1How deeply it is sourced Cites its own past reporting as the evidence for the claim in its own headline, and calls the evidence widespread in its own voice ×1How deeply it is sourced Offers its own past reporting as the evidence supporting the claim in its headline, inside the same sentence that carries the denial. ×1
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Ammon News
Ammon News
🇯🇴JO ·
digital · independent
What we have measured
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LBCI (Lebanese Broadcasting Corporation International)
LBCI (Lebanese Broadcasting Corporation International)
🇱🇧LB ·
TV/radio · independent
What we have measured
Active voice, actor named the Israeli army carried out the detonation ×1Actor framing Tehran calls the meeting. Iraq is the only other state named. ×1Actor left unnamed the strike in Iraqi waters has no one named as firing it — the source is "unknown" ×1Actor named names Israel as the one striking ×1
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