NOS says Spain's Supreme Court freed Puigdemont; taz says the Constitutional Court did, and five of its judges call it overreach
Spain's Supreme Court withdrew the arrest warrant for Carles Puigdemont on 6 October, hours after the Constitutional Court ruled that the amnesty must cover embezzlement. He can now go home after nearly nine years abroad. Outlets disagree on which court acted and on what to call him.
What happened. Spain's Constitutional Court ruled that courts must apply the 2024 amnesty law to Catalan separatists, even where they face embezzlement charges, NOS and El Mundo report. Supreme Court judge Pablo Llarena then lifted the national arrest warrant for Puigdemont and two former ministers, Toni Comín and Lluís Puig, El Mundo says.
Which court acted. The reports put a different court at the front.
| Outlet | Who acted | What it calls him | His years away |
|---|---|---|---|
| NOS | Supreme Court | 'separatistenleider' | 'ballingschap', but also 'vluchtte' |
| Der Standard | Supreme Court | 'Separatistenführer' | 'Exil' |
| taz | Constitutional Court | — | 'Exil' |
| El Mundo | Constitutional Court, then Judge Llarena | 'ex presidente catalán' | 'fuera de España' |
The vote. El Mundo says the Constitutional Court split seven to five. No other report we hold gives a count. In a second El Mundo report, the five dissenting judges say the court 'suplanta la labor del Tribunal Supremo'.
The reactions. Catalan president Salvador Illa told El Mundo: 'El tiempo nos ha dado la razón.' Junts called it a victory 'que permite el regreso del presidente de un país'. That report quotes three voices, and all three welcome the ruling.
What is not settled. The Supreme Court has yet to apply the amnesty to the embezzlement charge itself, El Mundo says. No report gives a date for his return. No report we hold quotes anyone who opposes the amnesty.
This story is about whether Carles Puigdemont, who led Catalonia's failed 2017 bid to leave Spain, can come home without being arrested.
How it got here. Catalonia is one of Spain's 17 autonomous regions. It has its own government, the Generalitat. On 1 October 2017 Puigdemont's government held a referendum on independence that Spain's Constitutional Court had suspended. Later that month the Catalan parliament declared independence. Madrid took direct control of the region under Article 155 of the constitution, and Puigdemont left for Belgium. Ministers who stayed were tried by the Supreme Court in 2019 and jailed for up to 13 years, NOS reports. Pedro Sánchez's government pardoned most of them in 2021. In 2019 Puigdemont became a member of the European Parliament.
In 2023 Sánchez needed the votes of Puigdemont's party, Junts, to stay in office. An amnesty law for the independence campaign followed in 2024. The Supreme Court then refused to apply it to the charge of embezzling public money for the referendum. That refusal kept the arrest warrant alive.
The actors. The Supreme Court is Spain's highest ordinary court, and it ran the case against him. The Constitutional Court is a separate body. It rules on whether laws and court decisions respect the constitution, and citizens can appeal to it when they say their rights were breached. El Mundo reports that this ruling came from one such appeal, by former Catalan minister Dolors Bassa. Salvador Illa, a Socialist, now heads the Catalan government. Junts and the left-wing ERC are the main pro-independence parties.
What is at stake. Supporters see the amnesty as closing a political conflict. Critics, including five Constitutional Court judges, say one court is overruling another court's reading of the law.
Where it stands. The warrant is gone. The embezzlement charge still has to be formally dropped. NOS reports that Spain votes in a snap election on 29 November, with Junts low in the polls.
What is being argued about
- Which court freed Puigdemont: the Supreme Court, which lifted the warrant, or the Constitutional Court, which made it do so
- Whether the Constitutional Court overstepped, as its five dissenting judges say
- What to call him and his years away: 'separatist leader' or 'president', 'exile' or 'fled'
- What his return means weeks before a snap election
Claims and verdicts
NOS
NOS
🇳🇱NL ·
public broadcaster · public-service
Spaans Hooggerechtshof trekt arrestatiebevel separatistenleider Puigdemont in
Open this report in The AI Times →
Read it at NOS →
What we have measured
Actor label The backers are labelled politically; the opponents, all other major parties, get no label ×1Actor named Names the Supreme Court as the court that withdrew the warrant. ×1Actor named and attributed Construction workers are named as having damaged a cable by accident, and the report attributes this to the aviation regulator. ×1Actor named, in passive Israeli airstrikes are named as what destroyed the building, but the sentence puts the building first ×1
Outlet profile in The AI Times →
El Mundo
El Mundo
🇪🇸ES ·
newspaper · independent
Haftbefehl gegen Puigdemont aufgehoben: Katalanischer Separatistenführer darf wieder nach Spanien
Open this report in The AI Times →
Read it at Der Standard →
What we have measured
Actor named NATO is named as acting; it 'foiled' the manoeuvre ×1Actor named dead uncounted The US is named as the attacker and stated flat, but the dead schoolchildren are neither counted nor named ×1Actors left unnamed the three requesting states are counted, never named ×1Aim attributed and quoted the stated aim is in quotation marks and marked as the service's account ×1
Outlet profile in The AI Times →
t
taz
Nach neun Jahren Exil: Spaniens Justiz macht Weg für Rückkehr Puigdemonts frei
Open this report in The AI Times →
Read it at taz →
What we have measured
Actor named names both coalition parties as the sides of the conflict ×1Actor named Makes the Constitutional Court the actor that overturned the Supreme Court's argument. ×1With no actor named critics The pressure comes from 'the internet', with no critic named. ×1Asserted in the outlet's voice a motive assigned to an entire electorate, no source and no evidence ×1
Outlet profile in The AI Times →
NOS
NOS
🇳🇱NL ·
public broadcaster · public-service
Spaans Hooggerechtshof trekt arrestatiebevel separatistenleider Puigdemont in
Open this report in The AI Times →
Read it at NOS →
What we have measured
Actor label The backers are labelled politically; the opponents, all other major parties, get no label ×1Actor named Names the Supreme Court as the court that withdrew the warrant. ×1Actor named and attributed Construction workers are named as having damaged a cable by accident, and the report attributes this to the aviation regulator. ×1Actor named, in passive Israeli airstrikes are named as what destroyed the building, but the sentence puts the building first ×1
Outlet profile in The AI Times →
Haftbefehl gegen Puigdemont aufgehoben: Katalanischer Separatistenführer darf wieder nach Spanien
Open this report in The AI Times →
Read it at Der Standard →
What we have measured
Actor named NATO is named as acting; it 'foiled' the manoeuvre ×1Actor named dead uncounted The US is named as the attacker and stated flat, but the dead schoolchildren are neither counted nor named ×1Actors left unnamed the three requesting states are counted, never named ×1Aim attributed and quoted the stated aim is in quotation marks and marked as the service's account ×1
Outlet profile in The AI Times →
t
taz
Nach neun Jahren Exil: Spaniens Justiz macht Weg für Rückkehr Puigdemonts frei
Open this report in The AI Times →
Read it at taz →
What we have measured
Actor named names both coalition parties as the sides of the conflict ×1Actor named Makes the Constitutional Court the actor that overturned the Supreme Court's argument. ×1With no actor named critics The pressure comes from 'the internet', with no critic named. ×1Asserted in the outlet's voice a motive assigned to an entire electorate, no source and no evidence ×1
Outlet profile in The AI Times →
El Mundo
El Mundo
🇪🇸ES ·
newspaper · independent
El Mundo
El Mundo
🇪🇸ES ·
newspaper · independent
El Mundo
El Mundo
🇪🇸ES ·
newspaper · independent
Who wrote it
El Mundo
Frankfurter Allgemeine
El Mundo
Coverage, outlet by outlet
NOS
NOS
🇳🇱NL ·
public broadcaster · public-service
Spaans Hooggerechtshof trekt arrestatiebevel separatistenleider Puigdemont in
Open this report in The AI Times →
Read it at NOS →
What we have measured
Actor label The backers are labelled politically; the opponents, all other major parties, get no label ×1Actor named Names the Supreme Court as the court that withdrew the warrant. ×1Actor named and attributed Construction workers are named as having damaged a cable by accident, and the report attributes this to the aviation regulator. ×1Actor named, in passive Israeli airstrikes are named as what destroyed the building, but the sentence puts the building first ×1
Outlet profile in The AI Times →
— public-service
El Mundo
El Mundo
🇪🇸ES ·
newspaper · independent
Frankfurter Allgemeine
Frankfurter Allgemeine
🇩🇪DE ·
newspaper · independent
El Mundo
El Mundo
🇪🇸ES ·
newspaper · independent
Nach neun Jahren Exil: Spaniens Justiz macht Weg für Rückkehr Puigdemonts frei
Open this report in The AI Times →
Read it at taz →
What we have measured
Actor named names both coalition parties as the sides of the conflict ×1Actor named Makes the Constitutional Court the actor that overturned the Supreme Court's argument. ×1With no actor named critics The pressure comes from 'the internet', with no critic named. ×1Asserted in the outlet's voice a motive assigned to an entire electorate, no source and no evidence ×1
Outlet profile in The AI Times →
—
Haftbefehl gegen Puigdemont aufgehoben: Katalanischer Separatistenführer darf wieder nach Spanien
Open this report in The AI Times →
Read it at Der Standard →
What we have measured
Actor named NATO is named as acting; it 'foiled' the manoeuvre ×1Actor named dead uncounted The US is named as the attacker and stated flat, but the dead schoolchildren are neither counted nor named ×1Actors left unnamed the three requesting states are counted, never named ×1Aim attributed and quoted the stated aim is in quotation marks and marked as the service's account ×1
Outlet profile in The AI Times →
— independent
Deník N
Deník N
🇨🇿CZ ·
newspaper · independent
What we have measured
Actor named The headline names speculators as the actors who evicted a grandmother, stated flat. ×1Asserted, and a government judged A wave of Russian state terrorism is stated as fact and Germany is rated on its response; the piece is labelled a comment ×1Asserted, not attributed Washington's refusal and its reasoning stated flat, with no source ×1Assessment stated flat Says in its own voice, with no source, that Russian air defence worked well. ×1
Outlet profile in The AI Times →
Brussels Signal
Brussels Signal
🇧🇪BE ·
digital · independent
What we have measured
Asserted vs attributed cause and effect on services asserted in the reporter's voice, no figure attached ×1Asserted vs attributed States record diesel prices flat, with no source; another report says there is no shortage ×1Asserted vs attributed The figure of 72 is stated flat, with no named source or document. The report's own inference is 'significant infiltration'. ×1Asserted vs attributed record diesel prices stated flat, with no figure and no source ×1
Outlet profile in The AI Times →
Dagens Nyheter
Dagens Nyheter
🇸🇪SE ·
newspaper · independent
What we have measured
Accused label flat accused is labelled far-right without attribution, and not named ×1Affected counted Only report to count the residents affected ×1Asserted or attributed the majority stated flat, with nobody credited for the count ×1Asserted or attributed the demand is written as the report's own flat sentence before it is attributed to anyone ×1
Outlet profile in The AI Times →
Efimerida ton Syntakton
Efimerida ton Syntakton
🇬🇷GR ·
newspaper · independent
What we have measured
Adjective without figure Calls the war bloody but gives no count ×1Anyone hurt named the only report we hold that names one of the dead ×1Anyone hurt named the only report we hold that names a person who died ×1Asserted not attributed Calls the move 'unprecedented' in its own voice ×1
Outlet profile in The AI Times →
Observador
Observador
🇵🇹PT ·
digital · independent
What we have measured
Accusation attributed The fuel retailers' charge is attributed, 'accuses'. No government response is carried. ×1Affected person unnamed the woman is not named, and no cause of the eviction is given ×1Analyst verdict as headline one commentator's judgement on European mood is the headline ×1Asserted or attributed the charge against two foreign states is carried as the prime minister's view, not the report's ×1
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Welt
Welt
🇩🇪DE ·
newspaper · independent
What we have measured
Actor named The protests named as the cause of both the arrests and the injuries ×1Actor unnamed The party figure calling for a confidence vote is given only by title. ×1Age band without a share the winner's strength among the youngest voters is claimed with no percentage ×1Asserted flat The 'existential crisis' is stated as fact, not attributed to anyone. ×1
Outlet profile in The AI Times →
Rzeczpospolita
Rzeczpospolita
🇵🇱PL ·
newspaper · independent
What we have measured
Accountability The only report to say prosecutors are investigating ×1Asserted not attributed Hungary's need for more time is stated as fact, not as the government's claim ×1Claim asserted flat says EU law has never known such an offer, with no lawyer, official or text cited ×1Correction carried the correction is in the lede, attributed to Lithuania ×1
Outlet profile in The AI Times →
Le Figaro
Le Figaro
🇫🇷FR ·
newspaper · independent
What we have measured
Asserted, not attributed the capture of the strait and a "lightning offensive" are stated flat, with no source and no date ×1Asserted vs attributed The mayor's account and his opponents' charge are both attributed. ×1Asserted vs attributed The capture of the strait is stated flat, as settled background to a different story, with no source and no date for the claim. ×1Attacker identified by nationality in the headline ×1
Outlet profile in The AI Times →
Politico Europe
Politico Europe
🇧🇪BE ·
digital · independent
What we have measured
Actor named vaguely The opponents are 'other capitals', with no country named ×1With no actor named accusation The coup accusation is in the passive; the accuser is not named ×1Asserted vs attributed The contradiction is stated as fact by the report, sourced only to unspecified official notes ×1Asserted vs attributed the stall stated flat in the headline, with Athens named as the actor that rejected ×1
Outlet profile in The AI Times →
HotNews.ro
HotNews.ro
🇷🇴RO ·
digital · independent
What we have measured
Accusation unanswered AUR's claim of a plan agreed between the president and PSD runs in the headline and lede. No reply from the president is carried. ×1Actor named Names the blocs that refuse any exemption ×1Anonymous sourcing The jamming device found in his car rests on unnamed judicial sources, relayed through a news agency. ×1Asserted not attributed the outcome is declared settled before voting opens ×1
Outlet profile in The AI Times →
Svenska Dagbladet
Svenska Dagbladet
🇸🇪SE ·
newspaper · independent
What we have measured
Attributed context The Iran link is hedged and credited to another newspaper ×1Hedged context Base's use for strikes on Iran is hedged and attributed to another paper ×1Hedged or flat a directional claim about the race stated flat, with no poll figure behind it ×1Loss stated flat, size not given a large loss asserted with no figure, and a coalition demand named in the same line ×1
Outlet profile in The AI Times →
Gazeta Wyborcza
Gazeta Wyborcza
🇵🇱PL ·
newspaper · independent
What we have measured
Actor named Russia is named as acting against the bridge, in active voice ×1Asserted cause Voters' reason for backing the AfD is stated flat as a fact about the mainstream parties. ×1Asserted, not attributed the three-year gain is stated as what the deal would have secured, with no source ×1Asserted versus attributed the link between the pardons and the US talks is stated flat in the headline ×1
Outlet profile in The AI Times →
ABC
ABC
🇪🇸ES ·
newspaper · independent
What we have measured
Figure chosen 80,000, stated flat and unsourced; every other report we hold says about 70,000 ×1Figure chosen 80,000 crossed, stated flat, no source for the number ×1How hard the claim is stated Calls it an invasion in the outlet's own voice, unattributed, inside a sentence about the judge. ×1Which figure is used same two days, no figure at all: thousands ×1
Outlet profile in The AI Times →
Die Presse
Die Presse
🇦🇹AT ·
newspaper · independent
What we have measured
Who is named as acting Calls the party right and its people the far right in the outlet's own voice; three reports use only its name. ×1
Outlet profile in The AI Times →
Il Giornale
Il Giornale
🇮🇹IT ·
newspaper · independent
What we have measured
Outlet profile in The AI Times →
Euractiv
Euractiv
🇧🇪BE ·
digital · independent
What we have measured
Measure chosen the only report we hold that breaks the result down by voters' age ×1Measure chosen the only report we hold that publishes how the age groups split ×1Which figure is used about 80,000 stated flat and unsourced — an order of magnitude above every other figure we hold ×1Which figure is used Puts 80,000 across the border in two days with no source for the figure and nobody attributed for it. ×1
Outlet profile in The AI Times →
Telex
Telex
🇭🇺HU ·
digital · independent
What we have measured
Actor framed as giving The headline makes the government the actor, and what it does is support drivers. ×1Actor named NATO is named as acting; it 'chased them off' ×1Adopted term Uses the government's own phrase 'targeted support' without quotation marks ×1Asserted vs attributed 'under cover of night' attributed to Mária Schmidt, with the ministry's 8pm set beside it ×1
Outlet profile in The AI Times →
Le Monde
Le Monde
🇫🇷FR ·
newspaper · independent
What we have measured
Anyone hurt named or counted the only death toll we hold; a round number, hedged, nobody named ×1Anyone hurt named or counted the only report we hold that gives a death toll; it counts, does not name ×1Who says the label flat in the headline, no source, no hedge ×1
Outlet profile in The AI Times →
El País
El País
🇪🇸ES ·
newspaper · independent
What we have measured
Figure chosen more than 70,000 crossed, the higher figure not mentioned ×1Word for the event invasion, in quote marks and put in a party leader's mouth ×1Word for the event, attributed same word, but in quotation marks and inside a politician's accusation ×1
Outlet profile in The AI Times →
la Repubblica
la Repubblica
🇮🇹IT ·
newspaper · independent
What we have measured
Outlet profile in The AI Times →
Süddeutsche Zeitung
Süddeutsche Zeitung
🇩🇪DE ·
newspaper · independent
What we have measured
Hedged or stated states flat that police do not know whether the person seen is the man they want ×1Suspect identified how age and home town only, and the sabotage is what police attribute, not what the report asserts ×1
Outlet profile in The AI Times →