Dagens Nyheter says Russia's winter offensive "has begun"; iDNES says Kyiv still "expects" the big strike

The split. Two reports, filed 10 minutes apart, describe Russia's air war on Ukraine before winter. They do not agree on whether the winter campaign has started.

What iDNES adds. iDNES says Russian drones hit Kyiv's North Bridge at the weekend. It says workers are now stringing anti-drone nets across it. iDNES says this is the first time the city has done this.

What Dagens Nyheter adds. Huovinen tells the paper: "Ryssland har övertaget i luftkriget" (Russia has the upper hand in the air war).

What is not settled - Whether a distinct winter campaign has begun. Only one report says so, and it names no source. - How many people were killed or hurt. Neither report gives a figure. - Russia's account. Neither report quotes a Russian official. - We hold only the opening lines of both reports.

What this is about. Russia is bombing Ukraine from the air ahead of winter. The open question is whether a seasonal campaign against cities and power supplies has started.

How it got here. Russia seized and annexed Crimea from Ukraine in 2014. The same year, it backed an armed separatist war in the eastern Donbas region. On 24 February 2022, Russia launched a full-scale invasion. Its forces were pushed back from around Kyiv that spring. Since then the war has largely been fought along a long front in the east and south. Alongside the ground war, Russia has carried out long-range missile and drone strikes on Ukrainian cities. From October 2022, those strikes repeatedly targeted Ukraine's power stations and grid in the cold months. That is why each autumn brings the question of whether a new winter campaign is coming. Ukraine has answered with air defence supplied largely by Western governments, and with its own drone production.

The actors. - Russia is the attacking state. Dagens Nyheter states its aim as forcing Ukraine to capitulate, and names no source for that. - Ukraine is defending its cities. Its president, Volodymyr Zelensky, says Russia is preparing another massive strike. - Kyiv is Ukraine's capital. It is split by the Dnipro river, so its bridges are key to moving around the city.

What is at stake. In winter, strikes on energy can cut heat, light and water to millions of civilians. If Russia has the upper hand in the air, as Dagens Nyheter's expert says, Ukraine's ability to protect its cities through the cold months is in question.

Where it stands. According to iDNES, Russian drones hit Kyiv's North Bridge at the weekend, and nets are now going up on it. Neither report gives a casualty figure.